Prates completa 100 dias à frente de uma Petrobras em disputa
CartaCapital
Eleito membro do Conselho de Administração (CA) da Petrobras e presidente interino da companhia no dia 26 de janeiro de 2023, o ex-senador Jean Paul Prates completa 100 dias à frente da companhia no próximo dia 5 de maio.
Nesse exíguo tempo, Prates já se defrontou com múltiplos desafios inerentes à governança de uma empresa estatal, de capital misto, estratégica e em disputa. Diversos debates emergiram na agenda da companhia nesse período: privatizações, abastecimento interno, políticas de preços, transição energética, Amazônia, previdência, trabalho e saúde do trabalhador. Contudo, o grande desafio da atual gestão é a necessária e urgente revisão do planejamento estratégico da companhia.
O senador Jean Paul Prates, coordenador do subgrupo Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, dá entrevista coletiva, no auditório G4 do Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil (CCBB), em Brasília. Foto: José Cruz/Agência Brasil.
A herança é desastrosa. Foram quatro trocas de presidentes e inúmeras mudanças no CA nos últimos quatro anos, instabilidade que debilitou o sistema de governança da Petrobras, cada vez mais dirigido aos interesses de seus acionistas minoritários. Contudo, o que viabilizou o acelerado processo de desmonte e desnacionalização da Petrobras foram as diretrizes que orientaram o seu plano de negócios desde 2016. Entre os pilares dessa política estavam a vendas de ativos estratégicos e lucrativos, restrição sistemática de sua capacidade de investimento, redução de seu quadro de trabalhadores e distribuição de mega dividendos a seus acionistas, principal público alvo da companhia.
Alterar a rota da maior empresa petrolífera da América Latina não é tarefa simples. Prates enfrenta resistências múltiplas, tanto internas a sua própria estrutura de governança, quanto de atores externos. A Lei n° 13.303/2016 (“Lei das Estatais”), por exemplo, restringiu a capacidade da autoridade pública eleita e sócia majoritária da companhia de indicar seus quadros diretivos.
Esse mecanismo sobrepujou a Lei das Sociedades Anônimas e tornou morosas as mudanças na gestão da companhia. Não à toa, Prates e sua Diretoria Executiva só assumiram definitivamente suas posições, respectivamente, em 22 e 29 de março. O novo CA, por sua vez, só foi eleito em Assembleia Geral Ordinária dos Acionistas em 27 de abril, 91 dias após a posse de Prates.
Após sua posse, Prates já manifestou publicamente suas principais ideias para o futuro da companhia, das quais destacam-se (i) promoção da transição energética e justa; (ii) avanço em energias renováveis, em especial, eólica offshore e solar; (iii) avanço exploratório sobre a Margem Equatorial Brasileira; (iv) maior transparência na governança; (v) prática de preços competitivos e defesa de sua atual fatia de mercado da companhia; e (vi) flexibilidade na aplicação da atual política de dividendos.
Essas posições se alinham, em parte, à plataforma política do atual Governo Federal, que à época das eleições propunha, em síntese, o encerramento das privatizações, manutenção do regime de partilha, “abrasileirar” os preços dos combustíveis, a busca pela modicidade tarifária, redução das emissões e a retomada de uma Petrobras indutora do crescimento nacional.
Entretanto, a despeito das diversas manifestações públicas de Prates, ainda não é evidente quais serão as diretrizes que guiarão a Petrobras em sua gestão até 13/04/2025. O comunicado institucional, do último dia 31 de março, sobre as propostas “consideradas” no planejamento estratégico em curso, é demasiadamente genérico. Apesar de anunciar “atenção total às pessoas” e busca ativa pela vanguarda na “transição energética justa”, o documento preserva elementos estruturantes do Plano Estratégico (2023-27), publicado e aprovado em novembro de 2022, ainda na gestão de Paes de Andrade, indicado por Bolsonaro.
» Leia também outros artigos sobre Gestão e governança. Clique aqui.
A nova direção da companhia precisa se debruçar sobre a revisão do PE vigente e arbitrar sobre questões incontornáveis ao futuro da estatal e do país, dentre as quais destacam-se ao menos quatro. A primeira é sobre qual será a política exploratória da companhia, se concentrada nas áreas já descobertas ou se avançará para novas fronteiras. A segunda questão envolve a decisão entre expandir a capacidade de refino da companhia ou ampliar a dependência brasileira de importação de derivados. A terceira envolve a decisão sobre o volume de investimentos direcionados à Transição Energética e quais rotas tecnológicas privilegiar.
Por fim, caberá a atual gestão arbitrar entre renovar uma estratégia de negócios de curto prazo, que remunera extraordinariamente seus acionistas e fragiliza o futuro da companhia, ou se retomará o caminho de uma empresa integrada de energia, sustentável financeira e ambientalmente no longo prazo e importante a todos os públicos de interesse, em especial, ao povo brasileiro, seu acionista majoritário.
É evidente que a revisão do Plano Estratégico vigente não será um desafio fácil, porém expressará o caráter da gestão Prates. A Petrobras, a despeito das mudanças em seus quadros diretivos, é uma empresa em disputa. Em seus primeiros 100 dias à frente da companhia, Prates mostrou-se cauteloso, indicou caminhos e abriu espaços de diálogo antes fechados, mas precisa avançar na consolidação de um novo norte estratégico para Petrobras.
E essa tarefa passa, obrigatoriamente, pela revalorização dos trabalhadores da companhia, ampliação do horizonte temporal de seus planos estratégicos, alinhamento das diretrizes da Petrobras ao interesse público, ordem econômica constitucional e garantia da segurança energética, industrial e tecnológica nacional.
Artigo publicado originalmente em CartaCapital.
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