Falta de testagem coloca petroleiros em risco durante pandemia
Foto: Agência Petrobras.
Em março de 2020, o governo federal editou uma medida provisória definindo os serviços públicos e atividades considerados essenciais para a sociedade brasileira em meio à pandemia provocada pela COVID-19. Um dos setores listados como estratégico foi o energético, responsável por assegurar a produção, distribuição e comercialização de petróleo, combustíveis e derivados à sociedade em meio à crise sanitária. Como resultado, as petroleiras que atuam no Brasil foram impedidas de interromper suas atividades e obrigadas a se comprometer com o abastecimento da nação.
Por conta disso, alguns trabalhadores ficaram expostos ao contágio da COVID-19, especialmente os funcionários de função operacional, que precisam estar presentes nos seus meios de ofício, como por exemplo os operadores das refinarias. O grupo mais exposto, entretanto, são os que ficam embarcados nos navios e plataformas de exploração e produção offshore. Confinados em um ambiente fechado por dias, a tripulação pode se contaminar se houver alguém infectado. Diante desse risco, torna-se necessário que as petroleiras adotem medidas de segurança eficazes.
Nesse árduo cenário, as petroleiras se mobilizaram e empregaram algumas ações para preservar a saúde dos seus trabalhadores. No Brasil, a Petrobras informou que adotou o teletrabalho em todas as atividades que podem ser realizadas remotamente e reduziu o efetivo em suas atividades operacionais. No setor mais crítico, o de exploração e produção, a jornada, que anteriormente era de 14 x 21 – ou seja, o funcionário permanecia 14 dias embarcado em alto mar isolado nas plataformas, seguidos por 21 dias de descanso em casa – foi modificada para um novo regime de 28 x 14. O novo modelo institui ao empregado 7 dias de quarentena sob análise médica e outros 21 dias embarcado em alto mar, seguidos por 14 dias de descanso. De acordo com a Petrobras, os tripulantes passam por uma triagem médica antes de embarcar, seguindo o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde. Aqueles que apresentarem qualquer sintoma durante este período não embarcam.
Contudo, essa medida pode não ser suficiente para preservar completamente a saúde dos trabalhadores. De acordo com a Fiocruz, o período de incubação do novo coronavírus, isto é, o tempo entre a infecção e o início dos sintomas da doença, pode ser de até 14 dias, sendo, portanto, superior aos 7 dias de quarentena imposto pela Petrobras. E ainda existem os infectados assintomáticos, que transmitem o vírus sem apresentar os sintomas. Um paciente infectado seria um risco para a tripulação, podendo transmitir o vírus sem nem ter conhecimento disso.
Um fato que expressou a vulnerabilidade dos funcionários embarcados em alto mar ocorreu no dia 23 de março, quando a Petrobras informou o desembarque, de uma de suas plataformas, de 8 trabalhadores que apresentaram sintomas da COVID-19. A estatal, porém, não divulgou quantos tripulantes estavam na unidade, chamada de P-67.
Cria-se, portanto, um dilema entre a importância da atividade energética para o Brasil e o risco de contágio que tal atividade pode causar os trabalhadores embarcados. Uma solução para esse impasse seria seguir as recomendações da OMS, que destacam a necessidade do isolamento social e da realização de testes, inclusive no período em que esses trabalhadores estão em seus domicílios. Dessa forma, realizando vários testes, seria possível garantir uma maior segurança dos tripulantes e manter a produção brasileira no mesmo patamar.
No âmbito internacional, como aponta nota técnica do Dieese, outras petroleiras também adotaram medidas diante da pandemia da COVID-19. A britânica BP, por exemplo, informou que vem realizando protocolo de exames e isolamento dos seus funcionários, com turnos de equipes e contato restrito entre seus funcionários. Tais medidas, entretanto, não foram suficientes para impedir casos de contaminação por COVID-19 em suas atividades no Golfo do México e no Alaska.
Diante disso, há de se ter muita cautela para não pôr em risco a vida de trabalhadores de setores estratégicos. Espera-se que o governo federal e as petroleiras sigam as normas de segurança determinadas pela OMS, realizando testes regulares e certificando que seus trabalhadores em alto mar estão protegidos. Somente assim será possível manter a exploração e produção brasileira de forma segura.
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