A nova estratégia americana
Ineep
No dia 18 de dezembro de 2017, a Casa Branca divulgou o texto da nova “estratégia de segurança nacional” dos Estados Unidos, antes que o presidente Donald Trump completasse o primeiro ano do seu mandato. Todos os governos americanos fazem o mesmo, mas engana-se quem pensar que se trata apenas de uma obrigação burocrática, porque atrás de sua aparência convencional o novo texto esconde uma ruptura revolucionaria que é quase inteiramente independente da figura errática do presidente Donald Trump.
Na parte menos inovadora do documento, a Casa Branca define os interesses e objetivos estratégicos permanentes dos Estados Unidos:
i) proteger o povo americano e seu modo de vida;
ii) promover a prosperidade econômica e a liderança tecnológica americana;
iii) preservar a paz mundial através da força;
iv) e avançar a influência global dos EUA.
Em seguida, identifica os principais inimigos e concorrentes dos EUA:
i) a Rússia e a China que se propõem rever e modificar a atual “ordem mundial” liderada pelos EUA;
ii) a Coreia e o Irã, que ameaçam seus vizinhos e se propõem alterar o equilíbrio geopolítico de suas respectivas regiões;
iii) e, por fim, o “terrorismo jihadista” e toda “organização criminosa internacional” ligada ao tráfico de drogas e armas.
Valores universais
A grande novidade da nova estratégia de segurança nacional dos EUA, entretanto, não está em nenhum desses pontos, está escondida nas entrelinhas do documento onde aparecem suas premissas e definições fundamentais, apresentadas como se fossem uma coisa trivial ou consensual, quando na verdade não são, pelo menos na tradição americana.
De forma sintética, quase telegráfica: os EUA assumem que o sistema mundial não é o lugar de uma luta global entre o “bem” e o “mal”, e está composto por povos e nações que possuem valores, culturas e “sonhos” diferentes dos norte-americanos; mais do que isto, considera que não existe nada que assegure que os valores americanos triunfarão no final da história, graças à força dos mercados e da democracia, como pensavam os americanos depois do fim da Guerra Fria.
Com isso, os americanos aceitam implicitamente que não existem “valores universais”, nem existe um “destino histórico comum”, qualquer que seja, abandonando o velho projeto messiânico de conversão de todos os povos à ética e à “razão iluminista”. Como consequência, os EUA assumem como sua a premissa realista de que o “sistema mundial” é um espaço de competição permanente pelo “poder global”, entre estados e interesses nacionais que seguem sendo a única base sólida do sistema internacional.
Nesse novo contexto, os EUA anunciam ao mundo que se orientarão daqui para frente, exclusivamente, pela bússola dos seus “interesses nacionais”, abrindo mão da neutralidade e da sua velha condição de árbitros de todos os grandes conflitos mundiais. Mas atenção, porque os EUA seguem se considerando um “povo escolhido”, com a certeza de que seus valores nacionais não são exclusivos, mas são superiores aos de todos os demais povos do mundo. Eles abdicam da função de defensores e árbitros da “ética internacional”, mas em troca assumem plenamente sua condição e seu objetivo de “império militar” com pretensões globais. Numa competição permanente e sem árbitros, onde todas as alianças e guerras são possíveis, em qualquer momento e lugar. E onde sua moeda, sua finança e suas sanções econômicas são assumidas plenamente como instrumentos de poder e armas de guerra, se for o caso. Por isso, o que se deve espertar daqui para frente, da parte dos EUA, é uma estratégia de guerra de movimento, com a prática do “bullyng militar” permanente contra seus adversários reais ou potenciais, obrigando-os à uma corrida tecnológica e militar sem precedentes.
Esta nova estratégia internacional dos EUA pode ser revertida? É muito difícil de prever, porque ela é o produto de uma luta interna que ainda não acabou. O mais provável, entretanto, é que se mantenha no futuro a menos de uma nova “configuração de força” dentro do sistema mundial. Mas para que isso ocorra, as demais potências do sistema terão que seguir a própria cartilha dos norte-americanos, e este é um caminho que aponta perigosamente para um horizonte de “guerra contínua”.
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