Petrobras vende RLAM pela metade do preço
O preço negociado pela Petrobras para a venda Refinaria Landulpho Alves (RLAM) ao fundo Mubadala Capital é cerca de 50% inferior ao seu valor em comparação com os cálculos estimados pelo estudo do pelo Instituto de Estudos Estratégicos de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (Ineep). De acordo com os parâmetros utilizados, a refinaria localizada na Bahia está avaliada, ao câmbio atual, entre US$ 3 bilhões e US$ 4 bilhões, quando o valor negociado pela estatal com o potencial comprador foi de US$ 1,65 bilhão.
O coordenador técnico do Ineep Rodrigo Leão afirma que
“os dados revelam que a RLAM tem um potencial importante de geração de caixa futura que, a depender das premissas utilizadas, pode estar sendo subvalorizada nesse momento de venda”.
Para realizar o valor da RLAM, o Ineep utilizou o método do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado (FCD), que se baseia no valor presente dos fluxos de caixa, projetando-os para futuro. Do resultado, são descontadas: taxa que reflete o risco do negócio, das despesas de capital (investimento em capital fixo) e necessidade adicionais de giro.
Este fluxo de caixa é calculado tanto para a empresa como para o acionista. Leão informa que
“trata-se de um modelo de cálculo que apresenta o maior rigor técnico e conceitual, sendo, por isso, o mais indicado e adotado na avaliação de empresas”.
Cenários
O estudo se baseia em três cenários e chega a valores de: US$ 3,12 bilhões; US$ 3,52 bilhões e US$ 3,92 bilhões. No entanto, como a Petrobras não apresenta valores “isolados” de cada refinaria, para estimar as receitas e despesas da RLAM o Ineep fez um “rateio” dos dados disponibilizados pela empresa.
Em relação às receitas da RLAM, foram levadas em conta a produção dos derivados da refinaria, a capacidade de produção, entre outras informações. Foi utilizado o valor das exportações de derivados do estado da Bahia para chegar a um número aproximado para a exportação dos derivados da RLAM. Já para o cálculo das despesas da carga fresca processada utilizou-se um preço médio de referência da ANP para o petróleo com grau API próximo de 30 (o mais utilizado no refino da RLAM). Em relação às despesas, o Ineep realizou o “rateio” para RLAM, a partir dos dados disponíveis de custo de produção e refino, bem como das despesas administrativas.
Com essas informações, o instituto chegou aos três cenários possíveis. Para o primeiro trabalha com a manutenção das despesas atuais para os próximos anos. No segundo, prevê 75% das despesas de vendas da RLAM do cenário base para o cálculo do seu fluxo de caixa livre. E, no terceiro calcula 50% das despesas de vendas da RLAM do cenário base, informou Eduardo Costa Pinto, um dos pesquisadores responsáveis pelo estudo.
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Petrobras vende RLAM pela metade do preço – Ineep
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